ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio no experimental, de campo, de tipo correlacional con el fin de establecer posibles relaciones entre el nivel de desarrollo moral y el nivel de estudios de pregrado alcanzado por estudiantes de medicina y enfermería de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), Barquisimeto - Venezuela. La muestra se seleccionó de forma probabilística y estratificada quedando conformada por 87 estudiantes de Medicina y 44 de Enfermería. Para evaluar el nivel de desarrollo moral, se utilizó una adaptación del Defining Issues Test (DIT), versión de tres dilemas, traducida, adaptada y validada al contexto venezolano. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los estudiantes poseen un nivel de desarrollo moral convencional y un índice de moral de principios similar al que obtienen muestras latinoamericanas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el desarrollo moral y el nivel de estudios alcanzado por la muestra. Los resultados permiten justificar y orientar el diseño e implantación de un eje curricular de formación moral-educación en valores dirigido a estudiantes del Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud de la Institución
A non experimental correlational study was conducted for purposes of establishing a possible relationship between moral development and academic level of Health Science students from Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), Barquisimeto Venezuela. A probabilistic and stratified sample consisting of 131 students, 87 from the Medicine School and 44 from the Nursing School was used. An adapted version of the "Defining Issues Test" (DIT) was run to assess the group moral development. Such test is a version of the three dilemma model which was translated and validated to the Venezuelan context. According to test results, students have a conventional moral development and a moral principles index (Index P) similar to those obtained from Latin-American samples. Non-significant relationship between the moral development and academic level was found. Also, test results set the basis for justifying and designing a new curriculum for the students of the Universitys Health Science Faculty based on moral development
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Moral Development , Students, Medical , Students, NursingABSTRACT
Background: The Hamilton scale, applied by an external evaluator and the self rating Beck inventory for depression, can give discrepant results in psychiatric patients with depression. Aim: To compare depression scores obtained with the Hamilton scale and the Beck inventory in general medical patients. Patients and methods: Patients attending an outpatient clinic of a University Hospital were studied. Clinical psychiatric diagnoses were based on DSM-III. Hamilton scale was applied to 100 patients and 80 answered the Beck depression inventory. Results: Patients with major depression obtained the higher scores with both scales. However, Beck inventory had false positive and false negative results. Moreover, some patients overstated their depressive symptoms. Conclusions: self assessment of depression can be distorted by anxiety and somatic symptoms
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Depression/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Outpatients/psychology , Psychometrics , Self-Assessment , Clinical Diagnosis , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Augusto Orrego Luco born in 1848 and dead in 1933 in Valparaís, was one of the greatest clinicians and researchers of chilean medicine during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Besides being a psychiatrist he contributed to literature, history, politics and medicine. He received his medical degree in 1974 and apart from being an anatomist, soon became interested in mental illness. The title of his thesis was Mental Hallucinations. He worked in the insane asylum after José Ramón Elguero. Later in 1891, he was the succesor of professor Carlos Sazie at the Hospital for Nervous and Mental illnesses. Orrego Luco was influenced by french neurology of Jean Martin Charcot and taught a preferentially neurological psychiatry, based on the anatomo-clinical method. His original works were on traumatic hysteria, the mechanism of hypnosis, hysterical hemiplegia, causes of mental hallucinations, syphilitic etiology of Tabes and anatomy of cerebral sulci. In his work about mimical neuroses, he considered and obligation not to discriminate between organic and non-organic patients, because both suffer, he claimed. Presently, Orrego Luco is considered the creator and instigator of the Psychiatry chair, turning in into one of the main medical specialties in Chile
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Psychiatry/history , History, 19th CenturyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Investigar los "aspectos epidemiológicos" de la patología invasiva Hib (PI Hib) con especial referencia a la meningitis, en niños menores de 5 años. Categorizar el problema dentro de la salud pública en Tucumán. Material y métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo desde enero de 1985 a diciembre de 1992 en el Hospital del Niño Jesús. Se incluyó a todo paciente con sospecha clínica de PI Hib y confirmada por cultivo o serología obtenida de materiales representativos. Resultados: Se registraron 264 casos de PI Hib: 218 (82,5 por ciento) meningitis y 46 (17,5 por ciento) formas extrameníngeas. El 89 por ciento de las meningitis tuvieron foco único. Las formas extrameníngeas se distribuyeron entre bacteriemias, supuración pleuro-pulmonar, neumonías, celulitis, artritis y otras. La meningitis Hib (M Hib) es endémica en Tucumán, con un aumento en los meses de invierno. El Hib representa el 70 por ciento de las meningitis extrahospitalarias bacterianas. La incidencia anual promedio, en niños menores de 5 años, de la PI Hib fue 20,4/100.000 y de M Hib 16,7/100.000, en menores de 1 año la incidencia de M Hib fue 63/100.000; el 77,5 por ciento de las meningitis suceden a esta edad. La tasa de letalidad: 20,1 por ciento. La resistencia a ampicilina osciló entre 0-17,4 por ciento y la de ampicilina-cloranfenicol entre 2,7-8,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: Al cabo de ocho años de estudio la M Hib mostró en Tucumán un sostenido aumento; es la primera causa de mortalidad dentro de las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunas en niños menores de 2 años y la octava causa de mortalidad infantil